Posted on July 4th, 2024
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Edinburgh Castle, often regarded as the crown jewel of Scotland's capital, rises proudly atop Castle Rock, an extinct volcanic hill that dominates the skyline. Imagine defenders once stood in this commanding position, surveying the lands below, forming the city's formidable presence. In this blog spot, we will explore the fascinating history of this ancient castle and uncover its secrets from the Iron Age to its current state as a popular tourist attraction. 

  

The Majestic Edinburgh Castle 

Edinburgh Castle, the crown jewel of Scotland's capital, stands majestically atop Castle Rock, an extinct volcanic hill that dominates the skyline. This commanding position offered an ideal strategic vantage point, allowing its defenders to survey the surrounding lands and providing a formidable presence, which has witnessed numerous sieges and battles throughout the centuries. The castle's history stretches back to the Iron Age, although its most well-documented markers begin in the 12th century when King David I founded the stone fortress you see today. It has played a pivotal role, serving as a royal residence, military stronghold, and symbol of Scottish heritage. When you walk through its gates, you step into a timeline that has captured the essence of Scottish pride and resilience. One cannot miss the remarkable St Margaret's Chapel, the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh, built during the reign of King David I in honour of his mother, Queen Margaret. The chapel still exudes a serene beauty, offering a place of reverence amidst the fortress's stern battlements. 

As you traverse the cobbled pathways of one of the top historic sites in Edinburgh, the grandeur of the Great Hall unfolds, where many a king's court was held, with its steep wooden hammerbeam roof and medieval suits of armour lining the walls. Within the castle’s walls lies the Stone of Destiny, a symbol of monarchy used in the coronations of Scottish kings, nestled in the Crown Jewels Exhibition. This exhibit showcases the glittering Honours of Scotland, the nation's crown jewels, alongside the Stone.  

  

  

Exploring the Enchanting Old Town 

Upon departing the monumental grandeur of Edinburgh Castle, the historic heartbeat of the city leads you to the enchanting Old Town Edinburgh. This area, characterised by its unique architectural styles, narrow alleys, also known as “closes”, and significant historical buildings, offers an immersive experience into the past. The Royal Mile, one of the most famous historical attractions in Edinburgh, stretches from the gates of Edinburgh Castle to the Palace of Holyroodhouse, flanked by a myriad of hidden gems and notable landmarks. Walking down this spine of the Old Town, you find yourself enveloped in centuries-old history, blended seamlessly with the vibrancy of modern life. St Giles’ Cathedral, with its distinctive crown steeple, stands as a centrepiece of worship and community gathering since the 12th century. 

The awe-inspiring stained glass windows and Thistle Chapel within reflect the city's ecclesiastical heritage. Dive deeper into the underbelly of the Old Town with a visit to the underground streets of Mary King’s Close. This warren of preserved medieval alleyways, buried beneath the bustling Royal Mile, whispers stories of plague, poverty, and perseverance. You can almost feel the presence of past inhabitants, offering a haunting yet compelling glimpse into historic life below the surface. Each alley and courtyard you stumble upon in Old Town Edinburgh has its story to tell, from the literary havens visited by icons like Sir Walter Scott to the somber history of the Tollbooth, where justice was served in times gone by.  

  

  

The Royal Mile: A Walk Through History 

The Royal Mile, a spine of the Old Town, weaves its way from the gates of Edinburgh Castle downhill to the splendid Palace of Holyroodhouse. This ancient thoroughfare is a living testament to the layers of history laid down over centuries. As you walk along this historic pathway, you'll notice that each step resonates with the footsteps of monarchs, traders, poets, and ordinary citizens who once trod these cobbled streets. Amidst the hustle, the Canongate Kirk stands as a serene reminder of the past, dating back to 1688. Its churchyard provides the final resting place for Adam Smith, the father of economics, offering a moment of peaceful reflection amidst the bustling historical places to visit in Edinburgh. Further down, the striking Scottish Parliament building adds a modern twist to this historical route. Envisioned by architect Enric Miralles, its design sparkles with contemporary innovation while respectfully nestled within the ancient cityscape. The Parliament, with its dynamic forms and symbolic structures, stands in stark yet harmonious contrast to the medieval buildings enveloping it, embodying the continuous evolution of Edinburgh's identity. 

Immerse yourself further in history as you pass by John Knox House, a 15th-century building that once housed the fiery Protestant reformer. It remains one of the oldest surviving structures on the Royal Mile, offering insights into the tumultuous age of religious reform. Adjacent to this, the Museum of Edinburgh invites you to delve into the city's vibrant history, housing artefacts that chronicle everything from its medieval roots to its role in the Scottish Enlightenment. Markets, inns, and taverns flourished here, creating a vibrant hub of activity that you can still sense today. Don't miss the rich tapestry of narratives embedded within Riddle's Court, a hidden gem dating back to the 1590s, where banquets were once held for King James VI. Further along, the People's Story Museum captures the working-class heroes of Edinburgh's past, providing a poignant counterbalance to the grand narratives often celebrated.  

  

  

Monuments and Landmarks of Edinburgh 

Once you leave the hustle of the Royal Mile, the grand and spectacular Scott Monument beckons. This Gothic masterpiece towers over Princes Street and honours Sir Walter Scott, one of Scotland's literary giants. Completed in 1844, its intricate design, adorned with 64 statues of characters from Scott's novels, symbolises Edinburgh's rich literary heritage. It's also one of the most famous historical attractions in Edinburgh. Ascend its narrow spiral staircase, and you're rewarded with breathtaking views of the cityscape, connecting you with Edinburgh's vibrant past and present in a unique way. 

Venture eastward to Calton Hill, where a wealth of monuments in Edinburgh converges atop this iconic vantage point. Here, the unfinished National Monument, often dubbed “Edinburgh's Disgrace,” lies. Intended as a replica of the Parthenon in Athens to commemorate Scottish soldiers and sailors who died in the Napoleonic Wars, its incomplete state adds a poignant layer to the historic places in Edinburgh. Nearby, the Nelson Monument, built in honour of Admiral Lord Nelson’s victory at the Battle of Trafalgar, offers another stunning panoramic view. And don't miss the striking Dugald Stewart Monument, inspired by the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates in Athens, celebrating the famous Scottish philosopher. Each landmark on Calton Hill not only provides a window into different eras of history but also underlines Edinburgh’s global connections and enduring legacy. 

Related: 9 Top Places to Visit in Perthshire, Scotland & Nearby 

  

Conclusion 

As you stand atop Calton Hill, the city unfurls before your eyes, each landmark echoing with stories of bravery, intellect, and creativity. This is the magic of Edinburgh. Whether it's the historical depth of Edinburgh Castle, the pulsating energy of the Royal Mile, or the serene beauty of St Giles' Cathedral, every step reveals a new chapter. 

Ready to dive into Edinburgh's captivating narrative yourself? With Love Scotland & Edinburgh Tours Experience the best of Edinburgh on this full-day tour and half day tour. Let us guide you through iconic landmarks, historic sites, and the charming neighborhoods that bring Scotland's capital to life. From the majestic castle to the picturesque Grassmarket, discover the history and culture that define this extraordinary city. Choose your tour or customize one to your liking by calling 07305 012461 or emailing us at [email protected]. Let your journey through time begin today!